33 research outputs found
Parent and household influences on calcium intake among early adolescents.
Background
Calcium intake during early adolescence falls short of requirements for maximum bone accretion. Parents and the home food environment potentially influence childrenâs calcium intakes. This study aimed to quantify parental psychosocial factors (PSF) predicting calcium intakes of Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white (NHW) early adolescent children from a parental perspective.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving the administration of a validated calcium-specific food frequency questionnaire to a convenience sample of children aged 10â13âyears and the primary individual responsible for food acquisition in the childâs household. Based on Social Cognitive Theory, parental factors potentially associated with childrenâs calcium intake were also assessed via parent questionnaires. The total study sample consisted of 633 parent-child pairs (Asianâ=â110, Hispanicâ=â239, NHWâ=â284). Questionnaires were completed at community-based centers/sites. Outcome measures were the association between parent-child calcium (mg), milk (cups/day), and soda (cans/day) intakes and the predictive value of significant parental PSF towards calcium intakes of their children. Sex-adjusted linear regression and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results
Calcium intakes of parent-child pairs were positively associated among all ethnic groups (râ=â0.296; Pâ<â0.001). Soda intakes were positively associated among Hispanic parent-child pairs only (râ=â0.343; Pâ<â0.001). Home availability of calcium-rich foods (CRF), parental rules and expectations for their childâs intake of beverages, and parentsâ calcium intake/role modeling were positively associated with childrenâs calcium intake and overwhelmed all other PSF in multivariate analyses. Significant cultural differences were observed. Parental role modeling was a significant factor among Hispanic dyads only. Multivariate models explained 19â21% of the variance in childrenâs calcium intakes.
Conclusions
Nutrition interventions to improve childrenâs calcium intakes should focus on parents and provide guidance on improving home availability of CRF and increasing rules and expectations for the consumption of CRF. Among Hispanic families, interventions promoting parental modeling of desired dietary behaviors may be most successful
Effect of a text intervention during pregnancy on birth weight in participants of the WIC program in Hawaii.
ObjectivesThere
are limited studies testing the effect of a pregnancy educational
intervention on infantsâ birth weight. This study investigated the
effect of a short message service (SMS), or text message, intervention
for promoting adequate gestational weight gain on infantsâ birth weight
in a sample of pregnant women in Hawaiâi.MethodsA
randomized clinical trial was conducted among women participating in
the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and
Children (WIC) program in Hawaiâi (n = 83). The intervention group (n = 42) received weekly SMS about appropriate energy intake and physical activity and the control group (n = 41)
received weekly SMS about general health issues for 4 months during
pregnancy. Weight and length at birth were obtained from the
participant's chart in WIC and compared between groups. Birthweight was
categorized as small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) or large (LGA) for
gestational age.ResultsWomen
were age 27.7 ± 5.3y on average, 65.5% were Native Hawaiian, Pacific
Islander or American Indian, 54.8% had some college or more and 37.8%
were employed. Infant birth weight was similar in the intervention
(3431 ± 682 g) and control groups (3232 ± 599 g; P > 0.05).
Mothers in the control group had higher odds of having a SGA baby (OR:
2.21; 95% CI 0.40, 12.2) but similar risk of having a LGA baby (0.27;
95% CI 0.07, 1.05) compared to the intervention group. After adjusting
for mothersâ age, education level and employment status, results were
similar for SGA (OR: 2.34; 95% CI 0.43, 14.7) and LGA (OR: 0.35; 95% CI
0.08, 1.49).ConclusionsThere
was no significant difference in birth weight between groups in mothers
from the WIC program in Hawaiâi. More intensive educational
interventions may be needed to observe an impact on birth weight
Examining plausibility of self-report energy intake data: considerations for method selection.
Self-reported dietary intake data contain valuable information and have long been used
in the development of nutrition programs and policy. Some degree of measurement error
is always present in such data. Biological plausibility, assessed by determining whether
self-reported energy intake (rEI) reflects physiological status and physical activity level,
must be examined and accounted for before drawing conclusions about intake. Methods
that may be used to account for plausibility of rEI include crude methods such as excluding
participants reporting EIs at the extremes of a range of intake and individualized
methods such as statistical adjustment and applying cutoffs that account for the errors
associated with within-participant variation in EI and total energy expenditure (TEE). These
approaches allow researchers to determine how accounting for under- and overreporting
affects study results and to appropriately address misreporting in drawing conclusions
with data collected and in interpreting reported research. In selecting a procedure to
assess and account for plausibility of intake, there are a number of key considerations,
such as resources available, the dietary-report instrument, as well as the advantages and
disadvantages of each method. While additional studies are warranted to recommend
one procedure as superior to another, researchers should apply one of the available
methods to address the issue of implausible rEI. If no method is applied, then at minimum,
mean TEE or rEI/TEE should be reported to allow readers to ascertain the degree
of misreporting at a gross level and better interpret the data and results provided
Effect of a short message service intervention on excessive gestational weight gain in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial
Objectives: The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of
educational short message service (SMS), or text messages, on excessive
gestational weight gain (GWG) in a low-income, predominantly
overweight/obese population. Methods: Participants (n = 83)
were mostly overweight/obese women recruited at Special Supplemental
Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics on the
island of Oâahu, Hawaiâi at 15â20 weeks gestational age. The
intervention group received SMS on nutrition and physical activity
during pregnancy designed to help them meet Institute of Medicine (IOM)
guidelines for GWG and American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists guidelines for exercise, respectively. The control group
received SMS about general health topics during pregnancy, excluding
nutrition and physical activity. Both groups received one text message
per week for eighteen weeks. GWG was defined as the difference between
the last self-reported weight taken before delivery and participantsâ
self-reported weight before pregnancy. Differences between study groups
were examined using t-tests and Chi-square tests. Linear regression
models were used to examine association of GWG with study group and
other factors. Results: GWG was similar (p = 0.58) in the
control group (14.1 ± 11.4 kg) and the intervention group (15.5 ± 11.6
kg). The percentage of participants exceeding IOM guidelines for GWG was
similar (p = 0.51) in the control group (50.0%, n = 17) and the intervention group (60.5%, n
= 23). Conclusions: GWG was not significantly different between
intervention and control groups. Trials that begin earlier in pregnancy
or before pregnancy with longer intervention durations and varying
message frequency as well as personalized or interactive messages may be
needed to produce significant improvements
Associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain in Hawaii and Puerto Rico WIC participants.
Background Excessive gestational weight gain and rapid infancy weight gain (RIWG) are associated with increased susceptibility to childhood obesity. Since low-income and minority children are particularly at risk, investigation of the associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain may inform childhood obesity prevention. This study investigated the associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain during the first four to six months postpartum in participants from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Hawaiâi and Puerto Rico. Methods This was a cross-sectional secondary data analysis from a text message-based intervention in WIC participants in Hawaiâi and Puerto Rico. The analysis included 80 mother/infant pairs from the control group who completed the follow-up visit when infants were four to six months old. Maternal weight, height, and gestational weight gain were self-reported. Infant weight was measured at baseline and follow-up. A proportional odds model was used to investigate the association between gestational weight gain and infancy weight gain rate (rapid or extremely rapid, on-track, or slow), adjusting for maternal age, pregravid body mass index (BMI) status, parity, and being up-to-date with infant vaccinations. Results In comparison to recommended gestational weight gain, excessive and inadequate (under the recommended amount) gestational weight gain was associated with 77% decreased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08, 0.70; p = 0.01) and 71% decreased (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.94; p = 0.04) odds of RIWG versus on-track or slow infant weight gain, respectively. In comparison to women with one child, women with two children (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.87; p = 0.03) or three or four children (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.88; p = 0.03) had significantly lower odds of RIWG versus on-track or slow infancy weight gain. Conclusions Women with excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain had lower proportional odds of RIWG and were more likely to have slower infant weight gain than women who gained the recommended amount of weigh
Validation of a collaboration readiness assessment tool for use by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) agencies and partners.
To evaluate content and face validity of a collaboration readiness assessment tool developed to facilitate collaborative efforts to implement policy, systems, and environment changes in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance ProgramâEducation (SNAP-Ed).Evaluation of the validity of the tool involved 2 steps. Step 1 was conducted with 4 subject matter experts to evaluate content validity. Step 2 used an iterative cognitive testing process with 4 rounds and 16 SNAP-Ed staff and community partners to evaluate face validity.Subject matter experts found that survey items appropriately matched the content area indicated and adequately covered collective efficacy, change efficacy, and readiness. Cognitive testing with SNAP-Ed staff and partners informed modifications and resulted in adequate face validity.The ability to measure collaboration readiness will allow agencies and community partners that implement SNAP-Ed to target areas that facilitate collaboration efforts needed for policy, systems, and environment change and collective efficacy. Further cognitive testing of the tool with other populations is needed to ensure its applicability and usefulness. Evaluation of the reliability of the tool with a broad range of SNAP-Ed programs and community agencies is also recommended
Association between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and BMI and the amount of food wasted in early adolescent girls.
Understanding of behavioral factors associated with obesity is of
importance in addressing this issue. This study examined the association
between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and
body mass index (BMI) and amount of food plated, consumed, leftovers,
and leftover food thrown into the trash (food wasted) in early
adolescent girls nine to 13 years in O'ahu, Hawai'i (n = 93). Food
plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted were estimated using a
three-day mobile food recordâą (mFR). Weight and height were measured to
compute BMI (kg/m 2). The three-factor eating questionnaire provided a
score from 0 to 100 for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and
emotional eating. Higher scores are indicative of greater cognitive
restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Pearson's
correlations were computed to examine the relationship between three
factor eating scores and BMI. General linear models were conducted to
examine the effect of each of three-factor eating scores on food plated,
consumed, leftovers, and food wasted. Cognitive restraint was
positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and with BMI
z-score (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). There were no associations between
three-factor eating scores and food plated, consumed, leftovers, and
food wasted at lunch. However, at dinner, total energy plated, left
over, and food wasted increased by 4.24 kcal/day (p = 0.030), 1.67
kcal/day (p = 0.002), and 0.93 kcal/day (p = 0.031), respectively, with a
unit increase in uncontrolled eating score. Similarly, total energy
plated and energy left over at dinner increased by 3.40 kcal/day (p =
0.045) and 1.51 kcal/day (p = 0.001), respectively, with a unit increase
in emotional eating score. Additional research should examine the
specific roles of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional
eating and food waste in the development of obesity in adolescents
Amount, preparation and type of formula consumed and its association with weight gain in infants participating in the WIC Program in Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between amount (below or above recommendations), preparation (liquid vs. powder), and type (regular vs. hydrolysate) of infant formula consumed and weight in infants participating in the Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Program in Hawaii (HI) and Puerto Rico (PR). This was a secondary analysis of 162 caregivers with healthy term 0-2-month-old infants. Socio-demographics, infant food frequency questionnaires, and weight and length were assessed at baseline and after four months. Infant feeding practices were associated with weight-for-length z-scores using multivariable logistic regression. In total, 37.7% were exclusively breastfed and 27.2% were exclusively formula-fed. Among formula users, regular (63.6%) and powder (87.0%) formula were the most common; 43.2% consumed formula above recommendations. Most infants had rapid weight gain (61.1%). Infants fed regular formula had higher odds of overweight after four months (adjusted OR = 8.77, 95% CI: 1.81-42.6) and higher odds of rapid weight gain (adjusted OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.12, 8.61). Those exclusively formula fed had higher odds of slow weight gain (adjusted OR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.17-14.2). Formula preparation and amount of formula were not associated with weight. These results could inform the WIC program's nutrition education messages on infant feeding. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results
Acceptability of a text message-based intervention for obesity prevention in infants from Hawaii and Puerto Rico WIC.
Background:
Low-income and minority children are at increased risk for obesity. Text
messaging offers advantages for delivering education, but few studies
have assessed the acceptability of text messaging in interventions aimed
at preventing excessive weight gain in infants. This study investigated
the acceptability of a text message-based intervention for prevention
of excessive weight gain in infants from Hawai'i and Puerto Rico WIC
clinics.
Methods:
The four-month text message based intervention designed to improve
infant feeding practices and reduce excessive weight gain was a
randomized controlled trial that included mothers with infants ages 0-2
months at baseline. Participants in the intervention arm received 18
text messages (1/week) promoting breastfeeding and appropriate
complementary feeding. Acceptability of the intervention was assessed
from participant retention, satisfaction, and evidence of behavior
change in a sequential multimethod approach, quantitatively from
questions sent via text and qualitatively during the in-person exit
interview. The final analysis included 80 mother-infant pairs from the
intervention arm.
Results:
When asked about messages liked and disliked the most, the majority of
responses via text indicated that they liked all messages. From the
qualitative analyses, most participants reported that all messages were
useful and that the messages led them to make changes in the way they
fed their infants. Participant retention was good at 78.4%.
Conclusions:
The intervention was acceptable to participants based upon participant
retention, measures of satisfaction, and reports of behavior change.
Results may inform development of mobile health programs for minority
childhood obesity prevention